Book

This book examines the adequacy of international humanitarian law in regulating the use of loitering munitions and autonomous drones in contemporary armed conflicts. It critically analyses whether existing legal rules are capable of addressing the challenges posed by increasingly autonomous weapon systems, particularly with regard to distinction, proportionality, precautions in attack, and human control. Through a comparative analytical study of the conflicts in Sudan, Gaza, and the Russia–Ukraine war, the book explores the gap between technological developments and the existing legal framework. It assesses the practical challenges of applying international humanitarian law to emerging weapons and considers whether current rules remain sufficient or require further clarification and development. The study concludes by proposing legal approaches aimed at strengthening civilian protection and ensuring meaningful human oversight in the use of autonomous and semi-autonomous weapons.