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This scientific work examines the theoretical foundations of gas-dynamic processes in centrifugal separators operating under variable flow regimes typical of natural gas production. The study investigates the physical mechanisms governing gas-liquid separation, including swirling flow formation, radial pressure gradients, droplet migration, liquid film formation, and liquid carryover. Particular attention is given to the influence of changing gas flow rates on separation efficiency, pressure losses, and the operational stability of centrifugal separation equipment. The research integrates theoretical analysis, dimensional reasoning, and findings from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies to explain the relationships between separator geometry, flow characteristics, and separation performance. The work also examines practical engineering approaches to maintaining effective separation under fluctuating operating conditions, including the selective plugging of centrifugal elements to optimize gas velocities. The findings provide a theoretical basis for improving separator operation, reducing liquid carryover, and supporting engineering decisions in natural gas production and processing facilities. This publication is intended for petroleum and gas engineers, researchers, technical specialists, and professionals involved in gas treatment, separation technologies, and production facility optimization.