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In the present study fire and thermal resistance of perlite as partial replacement of Fine Aggregates (FA) in mortars is investigated. Perlite is volcanic glass, upon heating from 900-1200˚C it gets expanded nearly 5-20 times of its size. The expanded form is a highly porous material and generally known as Expanded Perlite (EP). Generally, due to addition of EP there is reduction in the compressive strength of mortars. Therefore, in order to compensate for anticipated loss in strength, Silica Fume (SF) which is a well versed supplementary cementitious material is used as partial replacement of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) in designed mortars. The performance of various EP and SF based mortars is primarily evaluated on the basis of fire resistance and thermal conductivity along with resistance towards carbonation. The experimental findings indicate that the thermal conductivity has been decreased with addition both EP and SF. Likewise, fire resistance has been improved with addition of both EP and SF. Based on experimental results, the designed mortar comprising EP and SF has been considered to be a feasible option for actual construction under extreme conditions such fire and thermal conductance.