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Description

This study investigates the influence of the physicochemical properties of emulsified biofuels on the performance, combustion characteristics, and emission behaviour of compression ignition (CI) engines. Key fuel properties such as density, viscosity, calorific value, flash point, cetane characteristics, stability, and oxygen content are examined to establish their relationship with engine operating parameters. The research further evaluates how variations in fuel composition and emulsion characteristics affect brake thermal efficiency, brake-specific fuel consumption, cylinder pressure, heat-release rate, ignition delay, and exhaust emissions. The study aims to establish correlations between fuel physicochemical properties and CI engine attributes, thereby supporting the development of stable, efficient, and environmentally sustainable emulsified biofuels as potential alternatives to conventional diesel.